Abraham Lincoln Essay - 1349 Words

Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new nation: conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. (Lincoln) Abraham Lincoln was a true American hero. He brought this country through a time of succession and rebellion, through his thoughtful planning, tyranny like leadership, and amiable individuality. He, with a half a nation of armed forces, liberated the slaves and united a nation. Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, in a log cabin on a farm in Hardin county, Kentucky. He was the son of Thomas and Nancy Hanks Lincoln, and was named after his grandfather (Lincoln). Thomas Lincoln was a carpenter and farmer. Both of Abrahams parents†¦show more content†¦Hamlins. I am a little girl only 11 years old, but want you should be President of the United States very much so I hope you wont think me very bold to write to such a great man as you are. Have you any little girls about as large as I am if so give them my love and tell her to write to me if you cannot answer this letter. (Bedell, letter to Lincoln) This letter made him grow out his beard, which she said that his face was to skinny. He found this to be the look for him and he kept it Intel his assassination. Before Mr. Lincoln and his wife could get to the white house a first wave of secession occurred. On December 20, 1860 and in tell February 1, 1861 the following states seceded, South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas. They seceded because they said that they feared the kind of government that Abraham Lincoln and the republican party would bring. Then following the inauguration of Lincoln, the second wave began on April 17 with the secession of Virginia. This wave was continued by Arkansas, Tennessee and North Carolina. Abraham hated the secession, a month into it he had a group called the Zouies lead by his friend Elmer Ellsworth march into Alexandria were he could see a flying confederate flag from a high tower. The Zouies took the flag down that Lincoln hated however his friend Elmer wa s killed in this process. As a hero Abraham Lincoln took toShow MoreRelatedWheres Abraham Lincoln in Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter?542 Words   |  2 Pagesnovels Pride and Prejudge and Zombies and Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter. Grahame-Smith has collaborated on two film adaptations, Dark Shadows, and his own novel, Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter. Seth Grahame-Smith and his wife, Erin, live in California with their two children Jacob and Joshua. Currently Grahame-Smith’s novel Pride and Prejudice and Zombies is being adapted for film, and Smith is said to be writing a sequel/ spin off of Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter, staring Henry Struges. BothRead MoreThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln1521 Words   |  7 PagesAbraham Lincoln was the 16th President of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. Lincoln led the United States through its Civil War—its bloodiest war and its greatest moral, constitutional, and political crisis. In doing so, he preserved the Union, abolished slavery, strengthened the federal government, and modernized the economy. Born in Hodgenville, Kentucky, Lincoln grew up on the western frontier in Kentucky and Indiana. Largely self-educated, he becameRead MoreThe Assassination Of Abraham Lincoln861 Words   |  4 PagesAppomattox Courthouse, one of America s greatest presidents, Abraham Lincoln, was shot and killed by a man named John Wilkes Booth. Specifically, John Wilkes Booth was an American play actor and a big sympathiser for the Confederacy. Booth was well known for his hatred towards the President and his crazy ideas and motives, which lead to the killing of Lincoln. Many conspiracies and theories today believed the assassination of Abraham Lincoln was handled by John Wilkes alone, but other conspiracies believedRead MoreEssay Abraham Lincoln1426 Words   |  6 Pages As the 16th president, Abraham Lincoln was known to be the greatest American President. He guided his country through one of the most catastrophic experiences in its history, the Civil War. He was a very unique president, being the first president to have a beard, being the tallest president standing at 6’4 and also being the first to be assassinated. Abe Lincoln accomplished many things in the 4 year term he had served before being assassinated. With his intelligence and hard work, he madeRead MoreThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln928 Words   |  4 PagesP. Thomas, Abraham Lincoln: A Biography (Southern Illinois University Press, 2008). †¢ David Herbert Donald, We Are Lincoln Men: Abraham Lincoln and His Friends (Simon Schuster, 2004). †¢ Roy Morris Jr., The Long Pursuit: Abraham Lincoln’s Thirty-Year Struggle with Stephen Douglas for the Heart and Soul of America (Bison Books, 2010). 5. Similar Articles: †¢ Mary Frances Berry, â€Å"Lincoln and Civil Rights for Blacks,† Volume 2, Issue 1, 1980, pp. 46-57 (Journal of The Abraham Lincoln Association)Read MoreThe Life Of Abraham Lincoln754 Words   |  4 PagesValenzuela 1 Issac Valenzuela Mrs. Barr 7th Grade Literature May 24, 2016 The Life of Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln was born and raised in a log cabin. He was born on February 12, 1809. His mother was a great Christian. She often told them stories from the Bible. One day, Lincoln’s mother died of poisoned milk when he was only nine. Abraham Lincoln was one of the tallest presidents in our history. He was six feet, four inches tall. When he was elected president, he started theRead MoreThe War Of Abraham Lincoln906 Words   |  4 Pageselection of Abraham Lincoln. South Caroline issued the â€Å" Declaration of the Causes of Secession† because they believed Lincoln was anti-slaver (Bartels). However during the most consequential period in American history, on November 1860 Abraham Lincoln was elected as the sixteenth president of the United States and the first Republican President. As the commander in chief the union army, Lincoln needed to bring an end to the war and reunite the nation. On November 19, 1863 Abraham Lincoln gave one ofRead More Abraham L incoln Essay706 Words   |  3 Pages Abraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the U.S (1861-1865) who brought the Union to victory in the Civil War. Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809 in Kentucky. His father was Thomas Lincoln and his mother was Nancy Hanks, both were pioneer farmers. When Abraham Lincoln was two they moved to nearby Knob Creek, Indiana. The following year his mother died. In 1819 Abraham Lincoln’s father married Sarah Bush Johnston, a kind widow who gained Abraham Lincoln’s friendship. Abraham Lincoln grew upRead MoreThe Assassination Of Abraham Lincoln1064 Words   |  5 PagesColin Shafer Abraham Lincoln’s Assassination President Abraham Lincoln was the first United States president ever to be assassinated while in office. He was president during the Civil War and had many people that did not like him. John Wilkes Booth did not like Abraham Lincoln and was responsible for the President’s death. Abraham Lincoln was born in Harden County, Kentucky on February 12, 1809. His parents were Thomas and Nancy Hanks Lincoln. In 1818, his mother died while he was just nine yearsRead More Abraham Lincoln Essay576 Words   |  3 Pages Abraham Lincoln, from the backwoods of Hodgenville Kentucky, rose to become one of the greatest presidents of the United States. During his attempt to keep the Union in the Civil War, he gained more power and authority than any president before him. A excellent politician, Lincoln was always looked upon for leadership for he put reason and thoughtful decisions behind his word.Abraham Lincoln, born to Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Hawks on February 12, 1809, was conceived in a log cabin built by his father

Treatment For Middle Aged African American Women With...

Olivia K. Gunter INT 430 Professor Heidbrink National-Louis University TOPIC: Treatment for middle-aged African-American women with bipolar disorder What is it? Bipolar disorder is a mental illness characterized by drastic mood swings ranging from immense euphoria to extreme depression. People with bipolar disorder are likely to experience a lack of energy, participation in normal social activities, and the ability to complete daily routines. This can cause interpersonal relationships and work-life to suffer. They may also have strong thoughts of death or suicide, or suicide as a result of bipolar disorder. The cause of bipolar disorder is still undetermined, but its tendency to run in families shows that it is likely due to an inherited genetic malfunction. Why is it important? Where? Millions of men, women, and children are diagnosed with bipolar disorder each year in America. Women of all ethnicities are found to have a greater chance of experiencing symptoms of depression then men. And it is more likely to develop in Caucasian-Americans, but more likely reach severity in African-Americans. After diagnosis, generally a combination of mood stabilizing medication and psychotherapy are prescribed to counter the chronic symptoms. Many people with bipolar disorder do not receive the proper diagnosis or treatment after diagnosis. Without treatment the disorder is likely to worsen, causing severely depressive episodes or death. More than half of African-AmericansShow MoreRelatedAbnormal Psychology Chapter Mood Disorders5762 Words   |  24 PagesChapter 7--Mood Disorders and Suicide Key 1. Prior to the DSM-IIIR, conditions that are currently characterized as mood disorders were referred to by several different names, including all of the following EXCEPT: A. B. C. D. 2. depressive disorders affective disorders psychotic episodes depressive neuroses One of the symptoms of a mood disorder is called anhedonia, which means: A. a feeling of worthlessness B. an altered pattern of sleep C. indecisiveness D. an inability to experience pleasure Read MoreThe Effects Of Counseling On Suicide And Depression3763 Words   |  16 Pagesdepression and suicide rates. Even though antidepressant medications are both effective and convenient, there is a huge demand for patients who seek psychological treatment. Anxiety and depression are responsible for over 90% of mental disorders (Badar, et al). Supportive and problem solving counseling are both an effective treatment for depression in primary care. Supportive counseling or psychotherapy is used to assist the progress of optimal adjustment for situations of ongoing stress, suchRead MorePsy Evaluation Essay11057 Words   |  45 PagesAccording to the DSM-5 what term or terms replace(s) the word dependence? A. a personal choice B.. a bad habit C. a brain disease D. addiction. ANS:D PG4 4. Which of the following are NOT typical symptoms defined by the DSM-5 to diagnose substance use disorder: A. tolerance B.unsuccessful attempts to control or reduce consumption C. nervous facial tics D. withdrawal problems ANS:C PG4 5. In the boxed reading, â€Å"Social Work Major Working in a Casino,† the author describes A. her gambling addiction problemsRead MoreEating Disorders and Free Essays8687 Words   |  35 Pagesï » ¿2 = 2 dfhnmxpd h Free Essays Home | Search Essays | FAQ | Guarantees | Privacy | Lost Essay? | Contact Search Results eating disorder Free Essays Unrated Essays Better Essays Stronger Essays Powerful Essays Term Papers Research Papers Search by keyword: Sort By: Your search returned over 400 essays for eating disorder. To narrow your search results, please add more search terms to your query. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [Next ] These results are sorted by most relevantRead MoreThe Effects Of Suicide On Our Society3736 Words   |  15 Pagesphysical harm. Suicidal ideation is an individual having ideas and considering or planning to end his or her life. Suicide is usually carried out as a result of ultimate despair due to certain mental disorders such as severe depression, schizophrenia, borderline and bipolar personality disorders, alcoholism and or drug abuse. High stress levels and anxiety due to financial difficulties and personal relationships can also be contributing factors of suicide. According to The National InstituteRead MoreCRM 1301 Midterm uOttawa Carolyn Gordon Essay10218 Words   |  41 Pagesthe old religion and were leaders, counsellors, visionaries and healers (a.k.a. wise women). The Christian Church and state branded them witches and condemned them as worshippers of the Devil. Idea of witches date back to the Renaissance and the period in history known as the witch craze. Taught to fear the witches but still drawn to their powers (Conical=knowledge, cauldron=origins of life + magical power of women). The word witchcraft has been used to dismiss cultural traditions around the worldRead MoreEssay about Alcoholism and Drug Addiction17765 Words   |  72 Pagesgenerally used to mean compulsive and uncontrolled consumption of alcoholic beverages, usually to the detriment of the drinkers health, personal relationships, and social standing. It is medically considered a disease, specifically a neurological disorder, and in medicine several other terms are used, specifically alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence which have more specific definitions. In 1979 an expert World Health Organisation committee discouraged the use of alcoholism in medicine, preferringRead MoreNeophyte Essay11176 Words   |  45 PagesTHE BODY, MIND, RELATIONSHIPS AND THE ENVIRONMENT PART II GOVERNMENT, ORGANIZED CRIME AND THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY IN THE UNITED STATES CRYSTAL METH AND ILLEGAL DRUG STRATEGIES IN CANADA FIRST NATIONS AND CRYTAL METH TREATMENT STRATEGIES PART III TALA TOOTOOSIS’ STORY CRYSTAL METH ON THE NAVAJO NATION CONCLUSIONS APPENDIX A 1INTRODUCTION Crystal methamphetamine 1 use among people in some First Nations communities (bothRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. 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Responsible business Malaria vaccine Potentially the ï ¬ rst malaria vaccine with phase III trials ongoing in 7 African countries. 300 million Commitment to supply 300m doses of Synï ¬â€šorix at a reduced price to developing countries over the next decade through the AMC ï ¬ nancing mechanism. 5-year commitment To treat school age children in Africa at risk of intestinal worms

Leadership and Communication Management Free Essays

Leadership and Communication Management We all know how the computer system works: Without the talented operator or appropriate software, even if it is equipped with the most advanced hardware, the computer itself will not achieve any results. If we compare the computer system as Enterprise, leadership is the operator and communication management is one of the most efficient software. When these two important elements combine in a cohesive manner, the Enterprise should expect the best performance. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership and Communication Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now R Inc. is a leading third party logistics company. It offers freight transportation logistics, outsource solutions, produce sourcing, and information services among many other services. As an employee with five years of service, I feel fortune enough to work for a company with 100 years of history that continually shows strong growth. As a non-assets company, a majority of the business is executed through communication, and it exists in every aspect of R culture. Any individual within the company will spend a majority of their day communicating with customers, vendors, carriers, and co-workers, so Communication management definitely plays a critical role within R company. In R, branches are small independent organizations under the corporate enterprise, and each branch has its own communication system. Within the different leaderships, the style of communication varies. With my experience of having had three different branch managers in five years, I realize that leadership plays a critical role with communication management for the whole enterprise, and I would like to explore it more with my findings. Firstly, whether or not the leadership uses communication management to link employees to the company strategy could make a huge difference with the future of the enterprise. A majority of the employees will enjoy making achievements and receiving recognitions from their hard work. As a leader, if you do not show employees the company’s vision, explain the contexts, and share the strategy, it will not be easy for employees to be self-motivated and to opt into the company’s strategy. They could get lost in the routine and sometimes mundane nature of their work and not put forth their best efforts. How many times have you heard people say: â€Å"I just do the work and go home? † If you are the leader, don’t you want to make a difference for both the company and people you serve so that each is getting the best out of the ther? I can honestly say that I was one of those who got lost after working for 3 years without any managed communication from leadership. One day, I woke up and decided I needed to make a change. I wanted to learn something new, and I knew I didn’t feel fulfilled with the same old. I chose to switch to a new branch. The new manager managed well the communication and linked my career path with the company strategy. I know I trust this leader as much as he trusts me, and I do perform better with a vision. I found management does exist in the enterprise; it isn’t a legend found only in textbooks. This Manager introduced S. M. A. R. T goals to create the link between company goals and the employees. â€Å"S. M. A. R. T† means specific, measureable, attainable, relevant and time-bound. With the smart goal, employees could work toward their own goal which is also linked to company strategy. We confidently know that we will be rewarded through hard work with job satisfaction, bonuses, raises, improved benefits, higher positions, and employee recognition. We also know that we will have all the support needed to get there. What’s the difference? Employees are linked to the company strategy sharing the mutual dream. Who makes the difference? The Leadership! How can they make the difference? Use the proper communication management. Secondly, communication management from leadership can influence employees on how they make their decisions which will affect the business. Employees would judge and select the most important information from leadership to make their decisions, and these decisions could affect the business in direct or indirect ways later. With poor communication management, leaders could deliver improper information which will impact negatively on employee decisions. Undoubtedly, as a return, the decision could negatively affect the business. To connect employee’s decision tightly toward company’s strategy, it requires leadership to manage the communication system in the right manner. Here is one negative example that could prove my point: In my old branch, information wasn’t shared well on a regular basis. Sometimes, we were given two or three conflicting instructions from different team leads on the same task. Because the communication from leadership wasn’t well managed, we would decide individually on what we thought we were told to do or what we thought that was the easiest and best way to do. Will our decisions fit the company’s strategy or benefit the best? We did not know, we were not empowered with the vision, and we could not tell whether the decision we just made was right for the company. If leadership had managed the communication, employees could have followed the vision and made the proper decision for the company. When all of these employees’ decisions are added together, it will decide the future of the company. With or without communication management from leadership to help those decisions be determined will make a big difference in the company’s future. Thirdly, Leadership has the greatest influence inside the company, and with well managed communication, it would deliver the best results for the company. I learned the sentence â€Å"Monkey does as Monkey sees† from our 6 year old daughter. People all have the strong capability of imitation and it is very easy to follow the trend. Inside Enterprise, employees look up to the leadership, and any action from the leadership is actually a communication to employees. How does the leader use their time? How does the leader reward the employee? All of their actions will be followed closely by employees. You will feel like going to work early when you see your leader go to office at 7am every morning and work in the action area; but you won’t feel like going at all if your leader comes to office no earlier than 9:30 am and always being surrounded by his/her favorite subordinate in the locked office? You would like to make your best efforts at work when you know your leader always rewards the hard workers, but you might not feel like contributing when the reward only belongs to the ones who would surround him/ her in the locked office. I have experience with both kinds of leaders. Their style of the communication management affected business loudly in different directions. As leadership, you have to put forth efforts to manage the communication, because leadership will influence employees through their communications. To impact an employee in good or bad way, depends on how the leadership designs the communication management. Admittedly, some branches in R do not have the best designed communication management so far, some leaders have started adopting this software for their own use to optimize the system and management. Also, at the corporate level, R has a well-designed company structure to ensure the success of the business; it has built solid policies, procedures, and created a great working environment, and it ensures the platform for communication management ready for all branches. I believe that communication management will be very well established at R through leadership efforts soon, and with its steady growth, it should continue to be one of their building blocks for success. How to cite Leadership and Communication Management, Papers

Panofskys Views On Van Eyck Essay Example For Students

Panofskys Views On Van Eyck Essay Panofskys purpose in writing this article was to identify a painting discovered in Brussels in 1815 (referred to as the London portrait) as the portrait of Geovanni Arnolfimi and his wife Jeanne de Cename, painted in 1434. Panofsky uses historical documentation and iconography to prove his point. Because a paintings value can be enhanced by its historical significance, it is important to discover its background. Identifying a painting from several centuries ago is not easy. Because there is no photocopy available, we must depend on physical descriptions provided by others for recognition. Only paintings possessed by rich or historically significant people would be described in inventories or letters saved over hundreds of years. Wars often brought destruction and chaos, destroying historical documentation. Panofsky traces the provenance of this picture to provide a logical argument that the London portrait could be the Arnolfimi painting. He carefully documents the historical journey of the Arnolfimi painting, providing a continuous list of ownership from Don Diego de Guevara of Spain in the 1500s to Charles III in 1789. This careful documentation is to prove that the Amolfimi painting was still listed as being in Madrid in 1789. The timing of its disappearance and the subsequent discovery of the London portrait in Brussels in 1815 could easily be attributed to the chaos caused by Napoleons conquering of Spain during the lost time period. Since written documentation is often used as proof of historical happenings, it is very important that the content be interpreted correctly, within its historical context. Because a language translation can easily twist the contents meaning, scholars usually provide a quote in the language of its origin. In Panofskys era, most research scholars were f luent in German, French, and Latin. Today fluency in English is also essential. Because the Art History discipline addresses a wide variety of objects from all over the world, and from all known times, misinterpretations caused by language translation can be a critical problem. As a student of Art History, I am depending on the authors interpretation of the quotes documentation. I dont have to understand the non-English text because the foreign quotes are explained in the context of the article. Foreign quotes are provided as just additional proof to the arguments presented by the author. Artists frequently use symbols to present an idea or concept to the audience. An icon is an image whose association with a particular meaning is wide accepted. This symbol can convey emotions associated with its meaning, to have symbolized a particular meaning. Iconography provides a description of icons used throughout history. Iconology, the study of iconography, can provide us with a better understanding of an art object by providing its historical context. Panofsky points out that the writings of Varnewyck and Vermander are unreliable. Vermander was trying to describe a painting he had never seen, depending on Varnewycks written accounts as his only source. Panofsky points out that Vermander not only had just hearsay evidence, but also twisted the meaning of those written accounts in his attempt to interpret them. Actually the first error Vermander committed was using Varnewyck as a source to begin with. Varnewyck had also never seen the picture, and had used an unknown source fo r his writing. Establishing a source as reliable and supported by other evidence is very important for an art historian. Before the Council of Trent was held in 1583, the rule regarding matrimony dictated only that two people accept each other to form a legal marriage. The Council of Trent added the stulation that 2 witnesses and a priest were also required. This distinction is important because the Van Eyck painting represented a marriage, and only two people are in it. Because the marriage occurred before 1583, this was allowable. .u608223e270957ffb69591a6d87beb09d , .u608223e270957ffb69591a6d87beb09d .postImageUrl , .u608223e270957ffb69591a6d87beb09d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u608223e270957ffb69591a6d87beb09d , .u608223e270957ffb69591a6d87beb09d:hover , .u608223e270957ffb69591a6d87beb09d:visited , .u608223e270957ffb69591a6d87beb09d:active { border:0!important; } .u608223e270957ffb69591a6d87beb09d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u608223e270957ffb69591a6d87beb09d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u608223e270957ffb69591a6d87beb09d:active , .u608223e270957ffb69591a6d87beb09d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u608223e270957ffb69591a6d87beb09d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u608223e270957ffb69591a6d87beb09d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u608223e270957ffb69591a6d87beb09d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u608223e270957ffb69591a6d87beb09d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u608223e270957ffb69591a6d87beb09d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u608223e270957ffb69591a6d87beb09d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u608223e270957ffb69591a6d87beb09d .u608223e270957ffb69591a6d87beb09d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u608223e270957ffb69591a6d87beb09d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Tim O'Brien's The Things They Carried: The Man Underneath the Helmet EssayPanofsky uses the anecdote about Willibald Pirckheimers mother to support his argument an undocumented wedding could lead to misunderstanding and problems. He talks about how Willibald Pirckheimers mother was secretly married to Sigmund Stromer, but was able to abandon him for another man because the marriage or joining of hands had been done in secret. 1 Pirckheimer, a wealthy citizen of Nuremberg, was a German humanist and book collector. He often made his library available to scholars and his house a literary and artistic center. It was Pirckheimers great collection that fascinated Panofsky and he was able to study about Pirckheimers life. The London portrait has the inscription Johannes de Eyck fuit hic. 1434 which is Latin for Jon van Eyck has been here. This inscription had been misinterpreted as This was Jan van Eyck, meaning that the portrait contained the figures of Van Eyck and his wife. Since Van Eycks child was baptized in June, 1434, he was probably married in 1433 at the latest. Also this inscription is used to make this painting an actual marriage document, with the artist as the signing witness. Capturing two people standing side by side, portrayed full length in a richly furnished room was not commonly done by 15th century artists. The allusion to Holbeins Ambassadors was to compare the content of it to Van Eycks painting. The marriage of David and Michal also shows two people standing side by side, but had the brides father and his courtier in it as well. All of the scenes represent a ceremony-taking place without a priest, and signified by the joining of hands. The author uses these allusions to show that two people standing next to each other, joining hands was a common icon representing a marriage ceremony. Some symbols have been designed to represent a particular ritual or object. For instance, a crown represents royalty, and can be used to convey the same attributes. Van Eyck used commonly found object such as furnishings and room ornaments as symbols. In this painting he uses these symbols to reinforce the matrimonial theme. The single candle in the chandelier is used as a symbol of the marriage candle given to the bride by the groom. The scene-taking place in a bedroom instead of a sitting room suggests a Nuptial Chamber. This work is important historically because it tells us so much about the people and rituals of its time. Also Van Eyck presents us with an art object that symbolizes matrimonial fidelity and religious faith in a simple, but original way. His use of such materials as brass, velvet, wood and fur not only make the background more realistic, but also are used as symbols to reinforce the paintings theme. Panofsky carefully examined and explained the validity of his sources, document events by tracing their chronological sequence, and used carefully constructed evidence to destroy his opponents (i.e., Vermander, Varnewyck etc.) arguments. Bibliography1. Found at www.encyclopedia.comArts and Painting